The Nile River is the Longest River in the World. It starts its amazing 6,650km (4,130 mile) journey northwards from the Source of the Nile in Lake Victoria near Uganda’s old industrial town of Jinja. The mighty Nile runs through 11 countries (The Nile Basin Countries) whose combined population totals over 300 million people and ends up emptying its waters and rich silt into the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile leaves Lake Victoria and flows north for approximately 130kms (81 miles) to Lake Kyoga, then flows west to Masindi Port, it turns north from here, and then makes a great half circle and flows westwards through Murchison Falls until it reaches the very northern shores of Lake Albert where it forms a river delta. After leaving Lake Albert, the river (the White Nile) continues its journey north through Uganda, South Sudan, and to the Sudanese capital Khartoum where it meets its second tributary known as the Blue Nile which flows out of Lake Tana in Ethiopia. Even though the Nile has its source in Lake Victoria in Uganda, the Blue Nile is in fact the source of most of its downstream water, containing almost 80% of the water and silt.

Lake Victoria, also known as ‘Nnalubaale’ in one of the local languages, is one of the greatest African lakes. Named after Queen Victoria of England by explorer John Speke in 1858, Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa, it’s the second largest fresh-water lake after Lake Superior in North America, and the world’s largest tropical lake with a surface area of approximately 68,800 km² spread over three East African countries with 45% in Uganda, 6% in Kenya, and 49% in Tanzania. Its waters fill a shallow depression in the centre of the great plateau that stretches between the Western and Eastern Rift Valleys, and it has a coastline of over 3,220 kilometers. The only outflow from Lake Victoria is the River Nile which exits the lake near the old industrial town of Jinja in Uganda, and this makes Lake Victoria the principal source of the Great River Nile that runs through 11 countries whose combined population totals over 300 million people and ends up in the Mediterranean Sea.

Queen Elizabeth National Park is located in the western region of Uganda, and it spans the four districts of Kasese, Kamwenge, Rubirizi, and Rukungiri. The park was founded in 1952 as Kazinga National Park by combining the Lake George and Lake Edward Game Reserves. It was renamed two years later to commemorate the visit of Queen Elizabeth II of England, and with that, the last remaining communal grazing rights of the Songora cattle herders were rescinded, causing thousands of them to move across the border into the Virunga National Park, and many only returned after the 1964 strife caused by the Mulele rebellion. The land mass area of the park covers an estimated 1,978 square kilometres (764 sq mi). The park is known for its abundant wildlife, including Elephants, Buffalos, Uganda Kob, Hippopotamus, Waterbucks, Warthogs, Giant Forest Hogs, Crocodiles, Leopards, Spotted Hyenas, and Lions – including the rare and famous ‘Tree Climbing Lions’ found around Ishasha in Rukungiri District. Overall, the park is home to over 95 mammal species and 600 bird species. Together with the adjacent Virunga National Park, the park was designated as a 'Lion Conservation Unit' by the International Union for Conservation of Nature in 2006, and it is also considered one of the most important “lion strongholds” in East and Central Africa.

The Rwenzori Mountains, which were described in a BBC Travel article as Africa’s surreal ‘Mountains of the Moon’, are a range of mountains located along the border between Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Formed about three million years ago, the Rwenzori mountains are the highest non-volcanic, non-orogenic mountains in the world. The ranges consist of six massifs separated by deep gorges: Mount Stanley (5,109 metres (16,762 ft)), Mount Speke (4,890 metres (16,040 ft)), Mount Baker (4,843 metres (15,889 ft)), Mount Emin (4,798 metres (15,741 ft)), Mount Gessi (4,715 metres (15,469 ft)) and Mount Luigi di Savoia (4,627 metres (15,180 ft)). Mount Stanley, in particular, has several subsidiary summits, with the Margherita Peak being the highest, rising to 16,795 feet (5,119 m) between Lake Albert to the north and Lake Edward to the south on the Uganda-Congo border. It was first climbed in 1906 by an expedition led by Luigi Amedeo Abruzzi and was named after Queen Margherita of Italy. The upper regions of the mountain are permanently snow-capped and glaciated. The Virunga National Park in eastern DR Congo and Rwenzori Mountains National Park in southwestern Uganda are located within the Rwenzori mountain ranges. The ranges are also known for their vegetation, including tropical rainforest. The range supports its own species and varieties of giant groundsel and giant lobelia, and most of it is now a World Heritage Site.